Arsine (AsH<sub>3</sub>) is a polar molecule. Here's why:
Molecular Geometry: Arsine has a trigonal pyramidal molecular geometry due to the presence of a lone pair of electrons on the arsenic (As) atom. This shape deviates from a symmetrical tetrahedral arrangement.
Electronegativity Difference: Although the electronegativity difference between arsenic (2.18) and hydrogen (2.20) is small, it's not zero. Arsenic is slightly more electronegative than hydrogen.
Dipole Moments: The As-H bonds are slightly polar, with a small dipole moment pointing towards the arsenic atom. Due to the trigonal pyramidal geometry, these bond dipoles do not cancel each other out. Instead, they add up to create a net dipole%20moment for the entire molecule.
Lone Pair Effect: The lone pair on the arsenic atom contributes significantly to the overall dipole moment of the molecule, reinforcing its polarity.
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